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Guides to assessment

Plain, sourced guides for anyone choosing, judging or using a personality or behavioral assessment, including ours.

Reviewed 5 November 2026

For buyers

How to choose an assessment

Seven questions to ask any publisher before you buy.

Read the guide

Certification costs compared

Published certification prices for established assessments, with sources and dates.

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Personality tests in hiring

What US law says in 2026, state by state.

Read the guide

For understanding

Are personality tests accurate?

Reliability, validity and what the evidence for any test should look like.

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The Barnum effect

Why vague descriptions feel accurate, and how to check a result.

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A history of personality types

From the four temperaments to the Big Five.

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For practice

Running a team workshop

A 90-minute plan for using a preference assessment with a team.

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What is cognitive style?

The research traditions behind the ICA.

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Glossary

The terms used across these guides, defined.

Open the glossary

Standards and scoring

How to evaluate a psychological test

The EFPA Test Review Model 5.0 and the 2014 Standards, with a reusable scorecard.

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Big Five versus type models

Traits, types and the MBTI: what research found and what each suits.

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Forced-choice and ipsative scoring

Why forced-choice scores describe one person rather than compare people.

Read the guide

Fair use and learning

The four-fifths rule, with a calculator

How adverse impact is screened, and a free impact-ratio calculator.

Open the calculator

The AICP textbook

The ICA model, scoring, test standards and appropriate use, as a PDF.

See the textbook

Appropriate use

The safeguards for using the ICA as one input.

Read the guidance

Questions

Who writes these guides?

ANTHRL. Each guide cites its sources and shows when it was last reviewed. Our own evidence status is in the claims ledger.

Keep reading

Start with the free ICA.

Plain guides to choosing, judging and using personality and behavioral assessments: accuracy, hiring law, certification costs and team workshops.